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- Chapter 7
-
- The VIDRAM Program
-
- The VIDRAM.COM program extends the conventional memory managed by
- DOS by as much as 96K if your system has an EGA or VGA video
- adapter card. Your PC must also already have a full 640K of
- conventional memory and the program or programs you intend to
- execute with this additional memory must not use graphics. In
- other words, VIDRAM can be of use to you if you make use of large
- text based programs, such as dBASE IV, that will be more
- responsive with the additional memory.
-
- VIDRAM is a stand-alone TSR. It does not require any expanded
- memory, extended memory or a memory manager (other than itself
- and DOS). If your system has the necessary video RAM, VIDRAM will
- work equally well on 8088, 8086, 80286 and 80386 machines. If you
- do have expanded memory and a memory manager and are mapping the
- video RAM area, VIDRAM has several related options that might be
- useful to you.
-
- VIDRAM steals the video memory from the adapter RAM that is used
- for graphic pages. This memory is available on EGA and VGA
- adapters, (not on CGA or monochrome adapters) and lies just
- beyond the 640K address boundary. VIDRAM makes this memory
- available to DOS. DOS in turn will make the memory available to
- every program it loads. VIDRAM also intercepts video requests and
- refuses all requests that would make use of this memory, i.e.
- graphics operations.
-
- The amount of additional DOS memory VIDRAM will make available
- depends on several factors. The maximum is 96K with a color
- monitor and EGA/VGA adapter. If you have a monochrome monitor or
- are using dual monitors you can still gain 64K memory for your
- programs.
-
- ~Subhead~ Using VIDRAM
-
- If you routinely use both large text based programs and graphics
- programs, you can turn the VIDRAM feature off and on as needed
- after you exit one program and before you execute the other.
- (NOTE: VIDRAM cannot be turned on and off inside DESQview).
-
- If you seldom use graphics programs you can make the best use of
- VIDRAM if you simply load it into memory and turn it ON every
- time you power up your machine. To do this you need to create or
- modify your AUTOEXEC.BAT file, adding the statement:
-
-
- VIDRAM ON
-
- This brings VIDRAM into memory and makes the additional memory
- available to all of the applications you may run throughout the
- day.
-
- The ON parameter on the command line is an option. VIDRAM has
- several options which it will recognize, including the options
- which all the programs in this package support. In the next
- section, when an option is first mentioned, the alternate
- abbreviated form of the option immediately follows it and is
- enclosed in parentheses.
-
- You will need to understand what these options do if:
-
- ~Item~ you want to know the status of VIDRAM
-
- ~Item~ you need to run graphics programs occasionally
-
- ~Item~ you have a second video adapter and monitor
-
- ~Item~ you also have expanded or extended memory and a memory
- manager that is capable of mapping
- memory into the video RAM memory area
-
- In using VIDRAM, you may from time to time need to determine what
- state VIDRAM is in. To determine the current status of VIDRAM,
- just enter the VIDRAM command (no option) from the DOS prompt:
-
- ~Step~ TYPE VIDRAM and press <Enter>.
-
- The VIDRAM program reports whether or not VIDRAM is resident and
- enabled. If it is enabled it will report the type of memory in
- use and the new DOS ending address.
-
- ~Subhead~ VIDRAM Options
-
- Here are the options to the VIDRAM command:
-
- ~Item~ NOCGA, prevents all graphic functions (CGA through VGA)
- from using the video RAM graphic areas. This option makes VIDRAM
- resident but does not extend DOS memory. See also NOEGA.
-
- ~Item~ NOEGA, prevents EGA and VGA graphic requests from being
- honored. This option makes VIDRAM resident but does not extend
- DOS memory. This option may be used when some of your video RAM
- area has been mapped with EMS memory by something other than
- VIDRAM and you want to protect it from being used by programs
- using the graphics capabilities.
-
- ~Item~ RESIDENT, (RES), installs VIDRAM in memory but does not
- enable any VIDRAM functions. See next section (Using VIDRAM with
- LOADHI).
-
- ~Item~ OFF, (OF), turns VIDRAM off, restoring memory to the
- graphics adapter and enabling graphics capability.
-
- ~Item~ ON, turns VIDRAM on to extend DOS memory and to remain
- resident to inhibit graphic operations.
-
- The ON option can be modified by three additional parameters:
-
- OVERRIDE (OV or OR), EGA or EMS.
-
- The OVERRIDE modifier forces VIDRAM on in situations where it
- would normally refuse to appropriate video RAM. These situations
- occur when you have two monitors and two video adapters in your
- system, or when all or part of the video RAM is already being
- managed by a resident memory manager. OVERRIDE may not work well
- in either of these situations, depending upon what adapters are
- involved or what memory management features you may already be
- using. You will simply have to determine for yourself VIDRAM's
- utility in this situation.
-
- The EGA modifier instructs VIDRAM to use video RAM memory
- instead of EMS memory when the video RAM area is mappable. This
- is the default when video RAM is not mappable.
-
- The EMS modifier instructs VIDRAM to use EMS memory to extend
- DOS. This is the default if you have mapped memory into the video
- RAM area. You should not need to add this modifier.
-
- To use these modifiers, add the modifier to the VIDRAM ON
- command. To use the OVERRIDE option, for example, you would enter
- the following command from the DOS prompt:
-
- Type VIDRAM ON OVERRIDE and press <Enter>.
-
- The VIDRAM program will respond with a display that will show
- memory has been extended and that graphics are now disabled.
-
- NOTE: When using VIDRAM with EMS memory mapped in the video area
- by Quarterdeck's memory management driver you should use one of,
- the VIDRAM specific options the driver provides. For reference,
- these options are:
-
- VIDRAMEMSVIDRAMEGA
-
- ~Subhead~ Using VIDRAM with LOADHI
-
- You can use the LOADHI program with VIDRAM to make the resident
- portion of VIDRAM remain in high RAM. VIDRAM run in high RAM
- cannot, however, extend the memory. To extend the memory, you
- must run VIDRAM a second time. For example:
-
- ~Step~ TYPE LOADHI VIDRAM RESIDENT and press <Enter>.
-
-
- ~Step~ TYPE VIDRAM ON and press <Enter>.
-
- This allows the code that intercepts graphics requests to be in
- high RAM, while the memory management portion is in memory only
- briefly while it extends or returns memory. The resident portion
- of VIDRAM is quite small. You will want to use this feature only
- if your 'RAM CRAM' problem is extreme.
-